{"id":559,"date":"2014-06-26T10:59:00","date_gmt":"2014-06-26T08:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/?page_id=559"},"modified":"2022-01-01T23:04:05","modified_gmt":"2022-01-01T21:04:05","slug":"tutorial-001-blinking-led-x1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/tutorials\/tutorial-001-blinking-led-x1\/","title":{"rendered":"Tutorial 001: Blinking LED x1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>This is very simple tutorial that shows how to connect a LED to the Tinusaur board and write the &#8220;Hello World&#8221; of the microcontrollers \u2013 very simple program that makes a LED to blink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since the Tinusaur board is a very standard ATtiny breakout board this could be applied to almost any other board that has ATtiny microcontroller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The code was tested to work with ATtiny13, ATtiny25, ATtiny45 and ATtiny85 but will probably work with other microcontrollers too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"western wp-block-heading\">Prerequisites<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2014\/06\/tut001_board_sc500x700.png?w=250\" alt=\"Tinusaur Tutorial 001 schematics\" class=\"wp-image-564\" width=\"250\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2014\/06\/tut001_board_sc500x700.png 500w, https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2014\/06\/tut001_board_sc500x700-214x300.png 214w, https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2014\/06\/tut001_board_sc500x700-137x192.png 137w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>We assume that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The Tinusaur board was already successfully assembled.<\/li><li>The USBasp ISP programmer connected to the computer and to the board and is properly working.<\/li><li>The development environment was setup.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Note: It is not the subject of this tutorial to show how to assemble the board or setup the programmer and the development environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"western wp-block-heading\">Hardware<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>The LED D1 should be connected to the PB0 of the microcontroller which is pin 5 on the chip. This should be done through the resistor R1 and to the GND.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The LED, marked as D1, is just a standard light emitting diode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The resistor, marked as R1, is 270 to 330 ohm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"western wp-block-heading\">Software<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>The program is very simple.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\n#include &lt;avr\/io.h&gt;\n#include &lt;util\/delay.h&gt;\n#define LED1_PORT PB0\nint main(void) {\n\tDDRB |= (1 &lt;&lt; LED1_PORT);\n\tfor(;;) {\n\t\tPORTB |= (1 &lt;&lt; LED1_PORT);\n\t\t_delay_ms(500);\n\t\tPORTB &amp;= ~(1 &lt;&lt; LED1_PORT);\n\t\t_delay_ms(500);\n\t}\n\treturn (0);\n}\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The first meaningful line is this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#define LED1_PORT PB0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>It defines the port that will be used for the LED.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Then we have to setup that port as an output. This is done with the following line of code:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code western\"><code>DDRB |= (1 &lt;&lt; LED1_PORT);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The DDRB is the data direction for port B. What this does is this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>shifts the &#8220;1&#8221; on left, N-times depending on the LED1_PORT value; and &#8230;<\/li><li>does bitwise &#8220;OR&#8221; with the value in the port register DDRB.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The most important fragment of the code is this:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nfor (;;) {\n\tPORTB |= (1 &lt;&lt; LED1_PORT);\n\t_delay_ms(200);\n\tPORTB &amp;= ~(1 &lt;&lt; LED1_PORT);\n\t_delay_ms(400);\n}\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2015\/01\/20140624_boardled_07_cs300x300fx2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2015\/01\/20140624_boardled_07_cs300x300fx2.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"Tinusaur Board with LED\" class=\"wp-image-1180\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2015\/01\/20140624_boardled_07_cs300x300fx2.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2015\/01\/20140624_boardled_07_cs300x300fx2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2015\/01\/20140624_boardled_07_cs300x300fx2-96x96.jpg 96w, https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2015\/01\/20140624_boardled_07_cs300x300fx2-192x192.jpg 192w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>What it does is this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Begin an infinite loop.<\/li><li>Set the LED port bit to &#8220;1&#8221; &#8211; LED will be turned on. This is bitwise &#8220;OR&#8221; operation with &#8220;1&#8221;.<\/li><li>Wait a little. The delay function simply does N-number of &#8220;empty&#8221; loops.<\/li><li>Clear the LED port bit to &#8220;0&#8221; &#8211; LED will be turned off. This is bitwise &#8220;AND&#8221; operation with &#8220;0&#8221;.<\/li><li>Wait a little.<\/li><li>Do that again &#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>That&#8217;s it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"western wp-block-heading\">WinAVR<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>If you&#8217;re using <a href=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/guides\/winavr-setup-guide\/\">WinAVR<\/a> you need to go to the project folder and do this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code western\"><code>$ make<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Then program it using AVRDUDE:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code western\"><code>$ avrdude -c usbasp -p t85 -B 0.5 -U flash:w:\"main.hex\":a<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>This should put the binary code up on the microcontroller and the LED should start blinking immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"western wp-block-heading\">Source code<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>The source code is available on Bitbucket at this address: <a title=\"Tinusaur - Tutorial 001: Blinking LED x1 - Source Code on Bitbucket\" href=\"https:\/\/bitbucket.org\/tinusaur\/tutorials\/src\/default\/tut001_blinking_led_x1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/bitbucket.org\/tinusaur\/tutorials\/src\/default\/tut001_blinking_led_x1\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is very simple tutorial that shows how to connect a LED to the Tinusaur board and write the &#8220;Hello World&#8221; of the microcontrollers \u2013 very simple program that makes a LED to blink. Since the Tinusaur board is a very standard ATtiny breakout board this could be applied to almost any other board that &#8230; <a title=\"Tutorial 001: Blinking LED x1\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/tutorials\/tutorial-001-blinking-led-x1\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Tutorial 001: Blinking LED x1\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":54,"featured_media":0,"parent":487,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Tutorial 001: Blinking LED x1 - The Tinusaur Project<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/tutorials\/tutorial-001-blinking-led-x1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tutorial 001: Blinking LED x1 - The Tinusaur Project\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This is very simple tutorial that shows how to connect a LED to the Tinusaur board and write the &#8220;Hello World&#8221; of the microcontrollers \u2013 very simple program that makes a LED to blink. 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