{"id":1048,"date":"2014-12-22T15:36:32","date_gmt":"2014-12-22T13:36:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/?page_id=1048"},"modified":"2022-01-01T23:04:05","modified_gmt":"2022-01-01T21:04:05","slug":"owowod","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/projects\/owowod\/","title":{"rendered":"OWOWOD"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>OWOWOD is <strong>O<\/strong>ne <strong>W<\/strong>ire \/ <strong>O<\/strong>ne <strong>W<\/strong>ay <strong>O<\/strong>utput for <strong>D<\/strong>ebugging library. It allows you to output text from the Tinusaur (ATtiny85 microcontroller or other similar), though USB-to-Serial or TTL converter (based on PL2303, CH340G or similar) and to the computer screen using COM port monitoring tool.<\/p>\n<h1>Background<\/h1>\n<p>I would&#8217;ve been nice if it was possible to write something li this &#8230;<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: cpp; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ndebugging_print(&amp;quot;working, x=%i&amp;quot;, x);\n<\/pre>\n<p>&#8230; and see the output on a computer. Great for debugging and other things.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately there is no\u00a0easy way of doing that \u2013 in fact not possible with the standard tools used to\u00a0work\u00a0with the <a title=\"ATtiny85 - high-performance, low-power Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atmel.com\/devices\/ATTINY85.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ATtiny85<\/a>. The problem is this: (1) those micro-controllers have\u00a0<strong>too few I\/O ports<\/strong>; and (2) most of the programmers\u00a0(ex.:\u00a0<a title=\"USBasp - USB programmer for Atmel AVR controllers\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fischl.de\/usbasp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">USBasp<\/a>) do not offer that kind of communication between the micro-controller and the computer, i.e. there is <strong>no 2-way communication<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2014\/12\/20141201_usb2serttl_15_cs600x460fx2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-938 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2014\/12\/20141201_usb2serttl_15_cs600x460fx2.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"USB to Serial TTL\" width=\"300\" height=\"230\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2014\/12\/20141201_usb2serttl_15_cs600x460fx2.jpg 600w, https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2014\/12\/20141201_usb2serttl_15_cs600x460fx2-300x230.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2014\/12\/20141201_usb2serttl_15_cs600x460fx2-250x192.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>There are\u00a0some solution and the OWOWOD library is just one of them. It uses an additional hardware component &#8211; USB-to-Serial converter also known as USB TTL Converter. They are very inexpensive, easy to find and work with.<\/p>\n<h1>The OWOWOD Library<\/h1>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1234 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2015\/03\/tinusaur_board_sch_owowod_280x4702.png\" alt=\"Tinusaur connected to USB-to-Serial PL2303 using OWOWOD\" width=\"280\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2015\/03\/tinusaur_board_sch_owowod_280x4702.png 280w, https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2015\/03\/tinusaur_board_sch_owowod_280x4702-179x300.png 179w, https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2015\/03\/tinusaur_board_sch_owowod_280x4702-114x192.png 114w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" \/>For this to work we need &#8230;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Micro-controller<\/li>\n<li>USB-to-Serial converter<\/li>\n<li>Computer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The Library works like this &#8230;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>When you use a library function like\u00a0<strong>owowod_print_char(&#8216;U&#8217;)<\/strong> it will start sending sending the bits of the <strong>&#8216;U&#8217;<\/strong> byte (hex: <strong>0x55<\/strong>, bin: <strong>01010101<\/strong>) in series, i.e. one bit after another, through one of the microcontroller pins &#8211; for\u00a0instance\u00a0<strong>PB3<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>At the other end of the wire there is\u00a0USB-to-Serial converter that will take the individual <strong>01010101<\/strong> bits and re-compose them back into one byte as <strong>0x55<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Then the\u00a0USB-to-Serial converter will send that <strong>&#8216;U&#8217;<\/strong>\u00a0byte (<strong>0x55<\/strong>) to the computer USB port.<\/li>\n<li>The computer sees the\u00a0USB-to-Serial as a <a title=\"Serial COM Port\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serial_port\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Serial COM Port<\/a>\u00a0port, so it reads that <strong>&#8216;U&#8217;<\/strong>\u00a0byte.<\/li>\n<li>Using another program on the computer we get that <strong>&#8216;U&#8217;<\/strong> byte and show it on the screen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It works similarly for whole strings and other data.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s take a look at some usage examples:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: cpp; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\n#include &amp;lt;stdlib.h&amp;gt;\n#include &amp;lt;avr\/io.h&amp;gt;\n#define OWOWOD_PORT PB3 \/\/ OWOWOD Port\n#include &amp;quot;..\/owowod\/owowod.h&amp;quot;\nint main(void) {\n    owowod_init();\n    owowod_print_char(&#039;U&#039;);\n    owowod_print_string(&amp;quot;Hello!\\r\\n&amp;quot;);\n    owowod_print_numdec(1);\n    owowod_print_numdecp(2);\n    owowod_print_numdecu(123);\n    owowod_print_numdecup(456);\n    return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\n<p>Always initialize with\u00a0<strong>owowod_init()<\/strong> function.<\/p>\n<p>You can print char, string but also decimal signed and unsigned integer numbers.<\/p>\n<p>The decimal numbers are 16-bit integers.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<strong>owowod_print_numdecp()<\/strong> and\u00a0<strong>owowod_print_numdecup()<\/strong> functions print left <span style=\"text-decoration:underline\">padded<\/span> numbers &#8211; that means there will be some spaces on the left as if the numbers are right aligned. Like this &#8230;<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\n    12\n   345\n 67890\n    -2\n   -34\n-56789\n<\/pre>\n<p>Because this would be used for debugging in most of the cases there are some helpful definitions for that purpose in the &#8220;debugging.h&#8221; file.<\/p>\n<p>Here is an example of how to use it &#8230;<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: cpp; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\n#define F_CPU 1000000UL\n#include &amp;lt;stdint.h&amp;gt;\n#include &amp;lt;avr\/io.h&amp;gt;\n#define OWOWOD_PORT PB3\n#include &amp;quot;..\/owowod\/owowod.h&amp;quot;\n#include &amp;quot;..\/owowod\/debugging.h&amp;quot;\nint main(void) {\n    DEBUGGING_INIT();\n    DEBUGGING_NUMDEC(-123);\n    DEBUGGING_NUMDECP(-4567);\n    DEBUGGING_NUMDECU(123);\n    DEBUGGING_NUMDECUP(4567);\n    DEBUGGING_STRING(&amp;quot;Hello!&amp;quot;);\n    DEBUGGING_STRINGLN(&amp;quot;Hi!&amp;quot;);\n    DEBUGGING_VAR(&amp;quot;X&amp;quot;, 1);\n    DEBUGGING_VARU(&amp;quot;Y&amp;quot;, 23);\n    DEBUGGING_ERROR(4, &amp;quot;Connect&amp;quot;);\n    return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\n<p><strong>DEBUGGING_STRINGLN<\/strong> adds <strong>CRLF<\/strong> new line at the end.<\/p>\n<p><strong>DEBUGGING_VAR<\/strong> and\u00a0<strong>DEBUGGING_VARU<\/strong> print variable name and then the value.<\/p>\n<p><strong>DEBUGGING_ERROR<\/strong> prints the error code then the message.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2014\/12\/hercules02.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1044 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2014\/12\/hercules02.png?w=300\" alt=\"hercules setup serial\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2014\/12\/hercules02.png 500w, https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2014\/12\/hercules02-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2014\/12\/hercules02-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2014\/12\/hercules02-314x314.png 314w, https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2014\/12\/hercules02-96x96.png 96w, https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2014\/12\/hercules02-192x192.png 192w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>To see the results we need a program that will run on a\u00a0computer and show on the screen the information that comes through the serial port. There are many programs that could do that. One particularly simple to use is the\u00a0<a title=\"Hercules SETUP utility\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hw-group.com\/products\/hercules\/index_en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hercules Setup\u00a0utility<\/a> by\u00a0<a title=\"HW group\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hw-group.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HW group<\/a> \u2013 it is just one EXE file that you run \u2013 that\u2019s it.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This library was developed with and tested on\u00a0the following microcontrollers: ATtiny85, ATtiny45, ATtiny25 but should also work on other tinyAVR chips.<\/p>\n<p>The library was\u00a0tested to work with following USB-to-Serial converters: PL2303, CH340G.<\/p>\n<h1>Source Code<\/h1>\n<p>Source code available at\u00a0<a title=\"OWOWOD library source code\" href=\"https:\/\/bitbucket.org\/tinusaur\/owowod\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/bitbucket.org\/tinusaur\/owowod<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h1>References<\/h1>\n<p>There are many project in the Internet that solve the same or similar problems\u00a0and\u00a0this article\u00a0<a title=\"Serial communication with the Tiny's\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ernstc.dk\/arduino\/tinycom.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ernstc.dk\/arduino\/tinycom.html<\/a>\u00a0that points to some of them:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TinyDebugSerial:\u00a0<a title=\"arduino-tiny source browse cores TinyDebugSerial\" href=\"https:\/\/code.google.com\/p\/arduino-tiny\/source\/browse\/cores\/tiny\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/code.google.com\/p\/arduino-tiny\/source\/browse\/cores\/tiny\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Lightweight Serial Output:\u00a0<a title=\"Writing AVR assembler code with the Arduino IDE\" href=\"http:\/\/nerdralph.blogspot.ca\/2013\/12\/writing-avr-assembler-code-with-arduino.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/nerdralph.blogspot.ca\/2013\/12\/writing-avr-assembler-code-with-arduino.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>TinySoftwareUSART:\u00a0<a title=\"How establish communication between Attiny and Arduino One\" href=\"http:\/\/forum.arduino.cc\/index.php?topic=255250.0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/forum.arduino.cc\/index.php?topic=255250.0<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>On eBay: <a title=\"USB to Serial TTL Converter on eBay\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ebay.com\/sch\/i.html?_nkw=USB+TTL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">USB to\u00a0Serial TTL converter<\/a> \u2013 to transfer\u00a0the debugging output from the ATtiny micro-controller to the computer.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>OWOWOD is One Wire \/ One Way Output for Debugging library. It allows you to output text from the Tinusaur (ATtiny85 microcontroller or other similar), though USB-to-Serial or TTL converter (based on PL2303, CH340G or similar) and to the computer screen using COM port monitoring tool. Background I would&#8217;ve been nice if it was possible &#8230; <a title=\"OWOWOD\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/projects\/owowod\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about OWOWOD\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":54,"featured_media":1232,"parent":654,"menu_order":8,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>OWOWOD - The Tinusaur Project<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.org\/projects\/owowod\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"OWOWOD - The Tinusaur Project\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"OWOWOD is One Wire \/ One Way Output for Debugging library. It allows you to output text from the Tinusaur (ATtiny85 microcontroller or other similar), though USB-to-Serial or TTL converter (based on PL2303, CH340G or similar) and to the computer screen using COM port monitoring tool. Background I would&#8217;ve been nice if it was possible ... 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It allows you to output text from the Tinusaur (ATtiny85 microcontroller or other similar), though USB-to-Serial or TTL converter (based on PL2303, CH340G or similar) and to the computer screen using COM port monitoring tool. Background I would&#8217;ve been nice if it was possible ... 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